Defra

Conversion factors allowing organizations and individuals to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a range of activities, including energy use, water consumption, waste disposal, recycling and transport activities.

See GHG Protocol Disclaimer at the bottom of the listing for terms and limitations.

Summary
Name of source	Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors 2025
Provider	Produced by AEA for DECC and Defra
Summary text	These emission conversion factors are for use by UK and international organisations to report on 2025 greenhouse gas emissions.
Contact	[e-mail]
Licensing	Free
Language(s)	English
Website	https://www.gov.uk/environment/greenhouse-gas-emissions https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2025

Access – data formats and accessibility
File type	HTML (web) access to .xls or .pdf file
Software needs	Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader

Contents – breadth and depth of datasets
Age	1990-2025
Geography	UK, Global
Original Data Source(s)	Original research, Industry statistics, Government publications, Other LCA databases
Other Databases Included	IEA; CENSA
IPCC AR GWPs version
Life cycle stages	Cradle-to-Grave
Modeling approach	Various
Emissions results	Total CO2e, Separate GHGs, Separate scopes, Direct and Indirect emissions
Number of datasets	+300
Main topics	Electricity; Crude oil based fuels; Natural gas based fuels; Road; Rail; Air
Other topics	End-of-life treatment; Water; Materials production; Other Services

Data transparency – what metadata is provided for each dataset?
System boundaries	Yes
Data Types	Process, Input-Output, Other
Allocation Methods	n/a
Technology	Yes
Data year	Yes
Original source	Yes
Uncertainty	No

Quality – is information provided on data quality?
Data quality score	No
Quality assurance	Yes
Standards represented	Defra/DECC; GHG Protocol; Possible to use in product footprints

GHG Protocol Disclaimer

This database is listed as an informational resource to assist users in collecting data for product life cycle and corporate value chain (Scope 3) GHG inventories.

Inclusion in this catalogue does not constitute an endorsement, quality assessment, or recommendation by the GHG Protocol. The catalogue is not exhaustive.

Some of the data in these sources may not be consistent with certain GHG Protocol standards. Before using a database, the user should review its documentation for transparency, completeness, and applicability to the GHG inventory for which the data is being collected. For example, a database may contain combustion-only emission factors that are not applicable to product life cycle GHG inventories. Data should also be evaluated using the data quality indicators described in the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (chapter 7) and the Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (chapter 8). Users should select the highest-quality data available in the context of business objectives and the principles of relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, and accuracy. 

The databases included meet the following criteria: 

1. It can be used directly by inventory developers. Databases that require purchasing consulting services or proprietary software solely to access the data are not listed.
2. It has a corresponding website on which users can review source documentation and additional information.
3. It is currently maintained or, if not actively updated, remains accessible and documented at a stable URL.
4. It is offered on terms that allow inventory developers to use the data for product life cycle or Scope 3 inventory purposes (free, paid license, or open are all acceptable; absence of any usable access is not). 
5. Where a database is accessible only on a paid or licensed basis, sufficient public documentation must be available for users to assess applicability before purchasing. At minimum, this requires a publicly accessible methodology description, geographic and sector coverage summary, and pricing or access information (including how to request access). Databases for which this information is not publicly available are not listed.